Which one of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot in India?

The correct answer is The Western ghats.

Key Points

Ecological hotspots are areas with outstanding biodiversity or a high concentration of biological values.

• These values can refer to threatened or endemic species, unique ecosystems, or globally important numbers of a particular species.
• In India 4 biodiversity hotspots are present they are- the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland (Includes a group of Islands).
• These hotspots have numerous endemic species.

Important Points

In the Western Ghats, most of the species are endangered due to human activities in the region.

• Hence, it is made the bio-diversity hot spot so as to save receding species of this region.
• The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Hills, are well known for their rich and unique assemblage of flora and fauna.
• The mountain chain of the Western Ghats is older than the Himalayas mountains. 
• It also has an exceptionally high level of biological diversity and endemism and is recognized as one of the world’s eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity. 
• A chain of mountains running parallel to India’s western coast, approximately 30-50 km inland, the Ghats traverse the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• The Western Ghats also inscribed by UNESCO in 2012 as a natural world heritage site.

From the above, it is clear that the Western ghats are regarded as an ecological hotspot in India. Additional Information

 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-

• Founded-16 November 1945.
• Headquarters-Paris, France.
• Head- Director-General; Audrey Azoulay (France).