Which forest is regarded as the Lungs of the Earth?

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UP Police SI (दरोगा) Official PYP (Held On: 28 Nov 2021 Shift 1)
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  1. Western Ghats
  2. Coniferous Forest
  3. Amazon Rain Forest
  4. Temperate Grasslands

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Amazon Rain Forest
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UP Police SI (दरोगा) Official PYP (Held On: 2 Dec 2021 Shift 1)
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Amazon Rain Forest.

Key Points

  • The Amazon Rain Forest is often referred to as the "Lungs of the Earth" because it produces approximately 20% of the world's oxygen through photosynthesis.
  • It spans across nine countries in South America, with the majority (around 60%) located in Brazil.
  • The Amazon Rain Forest covers approximately 5.5 million square kilometers, making it the largest tropical rainforest in the world.
  • It is home to an estimated 10% of the world's known species, including a vast variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
  • Deforestation and climate change are significant threats to the Amazon Rain Forest, which plays a crucial role in regulating global carbon levels.

Additional Information

  • Carbon Sink:
    • The Amazon acts as a major carbon sink, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide, which helps mitigate the effects of global warming.
    • However, deforestation and degradation have reduced its capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
  • Biodiversity:
    • The Amazon is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, with over 390 billion individual trees belonging to around 16,000 species.
    • It hosts iconic species such as jaguars, sloths, macaws, and poison dart frogs.
  • Importance to Indigenous Communities:
    • The Amazon is home to around 400–500 indigenous tribes, many of whom rely on the forest for their survival.
    • These communities have a deep knowledge of the forest's resources and play a role in its conservation.
  • Amazon River:
    • The Amazon Rain Forest is named after the Amazon River, the largest river in the world by discharge volume.
    • The river and its tributaries play a critical role in maintaining the rainforest's ecological balance.
  • Deforestation and Its Impact:
    • Deforestation in the Amazon is driven by activities such as logging, agriculture, and mining.
    • It leads to habitat loss, reduced biodiversity, and contributes to global climate change.
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