Which among the following is/are the allotropes of carbon?

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Diamond, Graphite, and Fullerene are all allotropes of carbon, showcasing different structural arrangements of carbon atoms.
• Diamond: A three-dimensional network where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four others, making it the hardest natural substance.
• Graphite: A layered structure where carbon atoms are arranged in hexagonal sheets, held together by weak van der Waals forces, making it a good lubricant and conductor of electricity.
• Fullerene: Molecules composed entirely of carbon, arranged in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube (e.g., Buckminsterfullerene, or C₆₀, resembling a soccer ball).
• These allotropes exhibit different properties due to variations in bonding and structure, despite being made of the same element, carbon.

Additional Information

• Allotropes: Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state, with distinct physical and chemical properties.
• Carbon Nanotubes: Another allotrope of carbon, where atoms form cylindrical structures, known for their exceptional strength and electrical conductivity.
• Amorphous Carbon: A non-crystalline form of carbon, including substances like charcoal and carbon black, used in various industrial applications.
• Applications of Allotropes: Diamond is used in cutting tools and jewelry, graphite in pencils and lubricants, and fullerenes in nanotechnology and materials science.
• Unique Property: Carbon's ability to form multiple allotropes arises from its versatility in forming single, double, and triple bonds, and its ability to hybridize in different ways (sp, sp², sp³).