Trade union, Industrial and labour disputes are discussed in _________ list.

The correct answer is Concurrent.

Key Points

• Trade union, industrial, and labour disputes fall under the Concurrent List of the Indian Constitution, meaning both the Union and State governments can legislate on these matters.
• The Concurrent List is one of the three legislative lists in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, alongside the Union List and the State List.
• Entry 22 of the Concurrent List specifically mentions "Trade unions, industrial and labour disputes."
• Matters in the Concurrent List require coordination between the Centre and the States, ensuring balanced labour welfare policies across the country.
• In case of a conflict between Union and State laws on Concurrent List matters, the law enacted by the Parliament prevails, as per Article 254 of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution:
  • It divides legislative powers between the Union and States through three lists: Union List (97 subjects), State List (66 subjects), and Concurrent List (47 subjects).
  • The Concurrent List allows both the Union and State governments to legislate on shared subjects like criminal law, marriage, education, and labour.
• Labour Laws in India:
  • Labour laws in India are governed by both Central and State legislations, addressing areas such as wages, working conditions, and dispute resolution.
  • Key labour legislations include the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Trade Unions Act, 1926.
• Article 254 of the Indian Constitution:
  • It resolves conflicts between Union and State laws on matters in the Concurrent List.
  • If State law receives Presidential assent, it can prevail over Union law in that State.
• Importance of Trade Unions:
  • Trade unions play a crucial role in advocating for workers' rights, ensuring fair wages, and resolving industrial disputes.
  • They are instrumental in fostering collective bargaining and improving workplace conditions.