Question
Download Solution PDFWhen did the '74th Constitutional Amendment' come into force?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is 1st June 1993.
Key Points
- The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, came into force on 1st June 1993.
- This amendment provided a constitutional status to urban local bodies (ULBs), ensuring their democratic structure and governance.
- The 74th Amendment introduced Part IX-A to the Indian Constitution, titled "The Municipalities," covering Articles 243P to 243ZG.
- The Act categorized urban local bodies into three types: Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations, based on the size of the urban area.
- The amendment empowered ULBs with authority over 18 functional items listed in the Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, such as urban planning, public health, and sanitation.
Additional Information
- Background of the 74th Amendment
- Prior to the amendment, urban local bodies were governed by state legislations, which led to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in urban governance.
- The amendment aimed to ensure uniformity and decentralization in urban governance across all states.
- Twelfth Schedule
- The Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 18 functional items under the jurisdiction of urban local bodies.
- These include urban planning, water supply, public health, sanitation, slum improvement, and solid waste management.
- Composition of Urban Local Bodies
- Urban local bodies consist of elected representatives, ensuring grassroots democracy.
- Seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and women to promote inclusion.
- State Election Commission
- The 74th Amendment mandates the establishment of a State Election Commission (SEC) to oversee elections for urban local bodies.
- The SEC operates independently to ensure free and fair elections.
- Significance of the 74th Amendment
- It strengthened the democratic framework in urban governance and promoted citizen participation in decision-making.
- The amendment laid the foundation for decentralized planning and development in urban areas, fostering local accountability.
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