Tsunamis are waves generated by:
1. Earthquakes
2. Volcanic Eruptions
3. Moon tidings

The correct answer is 1 and 2.

Key Points

• Tsunamis are large ocean waves primarily caused by underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
• Earthquakes that cause tsunamis typically occur at subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another.
• Volcanic eruptions can trigger tsunamis through mechanisms such as caldera collapses or pyroclastic flows entering the ocean.
• Moon tides are not responsible for tsunami generation as they are gradual and result from the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, not sudden geological events.
• Both natural disasters—earthquakes and volcanic eruptions—result in the rapid displacement of water, which generates the high-energy waves seen in tsunamis.

Additional Information

• Subduction Zones: These are areas where one tectonic plate is being pushed beneath another, often leading to the largest earthquakes capable of generating tsunamis.
• Megathrust Earthquakes: Earthquakes with magnitudes typically above 7.5 that occur in subduction zones are the primary source of tsunamis.
• Volcanic Activity and Tsunamis: Volcanic eruptions can create tsunamis through mechanisms like underwater explosions, landslides, or the rapid entry of volcanic materials into water bodies.
• Tsunami Speed and Impact: Tsunamis can travel at speeds exceeding 800 km/h in deep waters and slow down as they approach shallower coastal areas, increasing their height and destructive potential.
• Detection Systems: Tsunami warning systems utilize seismographs, buoys, and tide gauges to monitor seismic activity and ocean behavior to issue timely alerts.