The transistor in the circuit shown is operating in

Concept:

Transistor operation regions

Either forward or reverse biasing is done to the emitter and collector junctions of the transistor. These biasing methods make the transistor circuit to work in four kinds of regions as Active region, Saturation region, Cutoff region, and the Inverse active region.

The below table shows the different operation regions of the transistor.

NPN and PNP transistors schematic are shown below:

Calculation:

Consider the given transistor and applying the KVL we get:

- 5 + I_E(5k) + 0.7 + I_B(100K) + 5 = 0

We know that I_E = (1 + β)I_B

(1 + β)I_B(5k) + I_B(100) = - 0.7

I_B < 0

The above equation implies that the base current is opposite to the traditional PNP transistor so the emitter junction is reverse biased.

The collector voltage is zero and this junction also reverse bias due to the grounding of the collector terminal.

Conclusion: Both the junctions are Reverse Bias so the transistor is in the cut-off.