Programmed instruction is based on-

Key Points

Operant conditioning is a concept developed by B.F. Skinner, a behavioral psychologist. It involves learning through reinforcement and punishment.

• The learner receives immediate feedback (either positive or negative) after a response, which influences future behavior.
• Programmed instruction uses this principle, providing immediate feedback after each step and allowing the learner to advance only after giving the correct response.
• This method is different from classical conditioning (developed by Ivan Pavlov), which is based on the idea that a neutral stimulus can, through repeated association, evoke a response.

So, the correct answer is 2) Operational conditioning.