For one dimensional motion, the force F(x) and the potential energy U(x) are related as:

  1. \(F(x)=\dfrac{-dU(x)}{dx}\)
  2. \(F(x)=\dfrac{dU(x)}{dx}\)
  3. \(U(x)=\dfrac{dF(x)}{dx}\)
  4. \(U(x)=\dfrac{-dF(x)}{dx}\)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : \(F(x)=\dfrac{-dU(x)}{dx}\)
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Ans: Option 1)

CONCEPT:

  • Potential Energy: The energy stored in the body or system by virtue of its configuration or its position is called potential energy.
  • Force: Force is the external agency that tends to change the state of motion of a body.
    • It has both magnitude and direction.

EXPLANATION:

  • The potential energy is equal to negative work done in shifting an object from some reference point to a given position for conservative force.

In mathematical form, it is given as,

\({\mathrm{d} U(x)}=-F(x){\mathrm{d} x}\)

\(\therefore\)  \(F(x)=\dfrac{-dU(x)}{dx}\) 

where F is the force in newton and dU/dx is change in potential energy per unit length.

The answer is option 1).

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