Consider the following statements:

1. The Constitution of India defines its 'basic structure' in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy.

2. The Constitution of India has a provision for judicial review 'to safeguard the citizens' liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The Correct Answer is option 4.
Key Points'Basic Structure':

• Definition:
  • The Supreme Court established the concept of 'basic structure' in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala case (1973).
  • However, it did not explicitly define it in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights, and democracy.
  • Instead, it indicated these as components that may constitute the basic structure.
  • Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• Provision for Judicial Review:
  • While the Constitution does not explicitly state the provision for judicial review, it is considered an integral part of the Constitution.
  • Judicial review is implied through the interpretation of various articles, primarily to ensure that the actions of the legislature and executive are within constitutional limits.
  • It aims to safeguard citizens' liberties and maintain the rule of law, but it is not framed as a provision specifically for preserving the ideals on which the Constitution is based.
  • Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• The Kesavananda Bharati case did not provide a clear definition of 'basic structure' but listed principles such as federalism, secularism, and democracy as part of it.
• The basic structure doctrine has evolved to include additional principles like the supremacy of the Constitution, the rule of law, and the independence of the judiciary.