Consider the following statements:

1. The caesium beam and the hydrogen maser are the primary or absolute standards.

2. The rubidium vapour standard is based on the hyperfine transition in rubidium-78 gas, between the states F = 2 and F = 1.

3. The secondary standard of e.m.f. is the unsaturated Weston cell.

Which of the above statements are correct?

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UPSC ESE Electronics & Communication 2022 Official Paper
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  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 1 and 3 only
  3. 1, 2 and 3 
  4. 2 and 3 only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 1 and 3 only
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The caesium beam and the hydrogen maser are the primary or absolute standards.

Rubidium standard is a frequency standard in which a specified hyperfine transition of electrons in rubidium-87 atoms is used to control the output frequency.

The secondary standard of Emf is the unsaturated Weston cell.

The unsaturated cell is similar to a saturated cell except that it does not have the cadmium sulphate crystals.

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