Based on the image provided, where is the umbilical cord inserted in the placenta?

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AIIMS NORCET 8 Prelims Memory Based Paper 2025

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Answer 1

Correct Answer: Central insertion

Rationale:

The umbilical cord is a vital structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. The location where the umbilical cord inserts into the placenta is clinically significant as it can influence fetal development and pregnancy outcomes.
In central insertion, the umbilical cord attaches to the center of the placenta, which is the most common and physiologically ideal location. This ensures optimal distribution of blood flow and nutrients to the fetus.
Central insertion allows for a uniform vascular supply across the placenta, minimizing the risk of complications like uneven perfusion or restricted fetal growth. It is associated with the best outcomes in most pregnancies.

Explanation of Other Options:

Marginal insertion

Rationale: In marginal insertion, the umbilical cord attaches near the edge of the placenta rather than the center. While it can still support a healthy pregnancy, it may be associated with a slightly increased risk of complications such as preterm labor or restricted blood flow.

Battledore insertion

Rationale: Battledore insertion is a term used synonymously with marginal insertion. It is named after its resemblance to a racket (battledore). The risks are similar to those of marginal insertion, including uneven distribution of blood and nutrients to the placenta.

Velamentous insertion

Rationale: In velamentous insertion, the umbilical cord does not directly attach to the placenta but instead inserts into the fetal membranes. The blood vessels then traverse through the membranes before reaching the placenta. This type of insertion significantly increases the risk of vessel rupture, vasa previa, and complications during delivery.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, central insertion is the most physiologically optimal and common type of umbilical cord insertion. It ensures efficient blood flow and nutrient distribution, supporting healthy fetal growth. Other types of insertion, such as marginal, battledore, or velamentous, can increase the risk of complications and require careful monitoring during pregnancy.