Which two political institutions are regarded by historians as the ‘backbone of the Vijayanagar Empire ?

The correct answer is - The nayankara and ayagar system

Key Points

• Nayankara System
  • The Nayankara system was a feudal administrative system in the Vijayanagar Empire, where military commanders, called Nayakas, were granted land assignments.
  • Nayakas were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting revenue, and providing military assistance to the central administration when required.
  • This system played a crucial role in ensuring the empire's military strength and political stability.
• Ayagar System
  • The Ayagar system was a unique administrative framework where a group of 12 village functionaries, known as Ayagars, managed the day-to-day operations of a village.
  • The Ayagars were responsible for various services, including revenue collection, irrigation management, religious activities, and judicial functions.
  • This system ensured efficient local governance and contributed to the economic and social stability of the Vijayanagar Empire.
• The combination of the Nayankara and Ayagar systems created a decentralized yet robust administrative structure that formed the backbone of the Vijayanagar Empire.

Additional Information

• Vijayanagar Empire
  • Founded in 1336 CE, the Vijayanagar Empire was one of the most powerful South Indian empires, known for its administrative innovations, cultural achievements, and military prowess.
  • The empire's capital, Hampi, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and showcases the architectural brilliance of the period.
• Role of Temples
  • Temples played a significant role in the empire's socio-economic framework. They were not only religious centers but also hubs of economic and cultural activity.
  • They served as repositories of wealth, facilitated trade, and provided employment to artisans, dancers, and musicians.
• Decline of the Vijayanagar Empire
  • The empire faced a significant defeat in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE, leading to its gradual decline.
  • Despite its fall, the administrative and cultural legacy of the Vijayanagar Empire continued to influence South Indian history.