Which two political institutions are regarded by historians as the ‘backbone of the Vijayanagar Empire ?

This question was previously asked in
MH SET Paper-II: History 23rd June 2019
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  1. The nayankara and ayagar system
  2. The ayagar system and the Ainnurruvar
  3. The nayankara system and the temple
  4. The temple and the ayagar system

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Option 1 : The nayankara and ayagar system
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The correct answer is - The nayankara and ayagar system

Key Points

  • Nayankara System
    • The Nayankara system was a feudal administrative system in the Vijayanagar Empire, where military commanders, called Nayakas, were granted land assignments.
    • Nayakas were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting revenue, and providing military assistance to the central administration when required.
    • This system played a crucial role in ensuring the empire's military strength and political stability.
  • Ayagar System
    • The Ayagar system was a unique administrative framework where a group of 12 village functionaries, known as Ayagars, managed the day-to-day operations of a village.
    • The Ayagars were responsible for various services, including revenue collection, irrigation management, religious activities, and judicial functions.
    • This system ensured efficient local governance and contributed to the economic and social stability of the Vijayanagar Empire.
  • The combination of the Nayankara and Ayagar systems created a decentralized yet robust administrative structure that formed the backbone of the Vijayanagar Empire.

Additional Information

  • Vijayanagar Empire
    • Founded in 1336 CE, the Vijayanagar Empire was one of the most powerful South Indian empires, known for its administrative innovations, cultural achievements, and military prowess.
    • The empire's capital, Hampi, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and showcases the architectural brilliance of the period.
  • Role of Temples
    • Temples played a significant role in the empire's socio-economic framework. They were not only religious centers but also hubs of economic and cultural activity.
    • They served as repositories of wealth, facilitated trade, and provided employment to artisans, dancers, and musicians.
  • Decline of the Vijayanagar Empire
    • The empire faced a significant defeat in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE, leading to its gradual decline.
    • Despite its fall, the administrative and cultural legacy of the Vijayanagar Empire continued to influence South Indian history.
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