Which statement is incorrect with regard to the concept of 'Alienation'?

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MPPSC Assistant Prof 4th Aug 2024 Sociology Paper II
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  1. The cause of alienation is private property and the capitalist mode of production.
     
  2. The cause of alienation is the division of labor.
     
  3. The cause of alienation is class exploitation and domination.
  4. The cause of alienation is workers' lack of individual motivation. 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : The cause of alienation is workers' lack of individual motivation. 
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The correct answer is - The cause of alienation is workers' lack of individual motivation.

Key Points

  • Alienation
    • The concept of alienation primarily originates from the works of Karl Marx.
    • Marx identified several causes of alienation in a capitalist society:
    • Private property and the capitalist mode of production lead to the worker's loss of control over their labor and its products.
    • The division of labor in capitalist societies further exacerbates alienation by fragmenting work processes.
    • Class exploitation and domination result in alienation as workers are exploited for their labor, benefiting the capitalists.
    • The incorrect statement is that alienation is caused by workers' lack of individual motivation, which is not a primary factor identified by Marx.

Additional Information

  • Marx's Theory of Alienation
    • Marx's theory describes four types of alienation experienced by workers in a capitalist system:
    • Alienation from the product of labor
      • Workers do not own the products they create, which are instead owned and sold by capitalists.
    • Alienation from the act of production
      • Work becomes a means to an end, rather than a fulfilling activity, leading to loss of creativity and autonomy.
    • Alienation from other workers
      • Competition and division of labor create barriers between workers, preventing meaningful social relationships.
    • Alienation from one's own humanity
      • Workers become estranged from their own essence as human beings, as they are reduced to mere instruments of production.
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