Comprehension

Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

In a recent conference, two renowned scientists, Dr. Meera Sharma and Prof. Rahul Desai, presented groundbreaking research on the economic impacts of rising global temperatures and the benefits of strategic environmental investments. Dr. Sharma emphasised that even a marginal increase in average temperature could lead to significant disruptions in agricultural productivity, thereby affecting food security and leading to higher commodity prices worldwide. Her analysis suggests that regions heavily dependent on farming are the most vulnerable, with potential GDP losses reaching up to 5% in some developing economies.

Prof. Desai, on the other hand, highlighted the positive outcomes of investing in green technologies and sustainable infrastructure. He argued that such investments not only help mitigate the adverse effects of temperature changes but also generate new employment opportunities in emerging sectors. According to his data, every dollar invested in environmental projects can yield up to three dollars in economic returns over the next decade. This multiplier effect, he asserted, is crucial for countries aiming to balance economic growth with ecological responsibility.

Both scientists agreed that policy frameworks need to integrate climate risks into economic planning to foster resilience. They recommended increased funding for climate adaptation measures, such as improved irrigation systems and renewable energy adoption. As Dr. Sharma put it, “Ignoring the economic impact of climate change is no longer an option. Proactive investments today can secure prosperity tomorrow.”

The conference concluded with a call to action for governments and private sectors to collaborate on sustainable development initiatives. It was clear from the discussions that addressing temperature fluctuations is not only an environmental imperative but also a sound economic strategy. In this context, the role of science-based policy-making becomes indispensable in shaping a future where economic stability and climate resilience go hand in hand.

Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?

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  1. The passage explains the scientific mechanisms behind climate change and its effects on the atmosphere.
  2. The passage focuses on the history of environmental policies worldwide and their implementation challenges.
  3. The passage highlights the negative effects of industrialisation on natural resources without suggesting solutions.
  4. The passage discusses the economic impact of temperature changes and the benefits of investing in environmental sustainability.
  5. The passage debates the political controversies surrounding climate change legislation.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : The passage discusses the economic impact of temperature changes and the benefits of investing in environmental sustainability.
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Option 4.
 
Key Points
  • The passage presents research by two scientists on the economic impacts of rising global temperatures and the benefits of investing in environmental sustainability.
  • Dr. Sharma highlights the negative effects of temperature increases on agriculture, food security, and GDP, especially in vulnerable farming regions.
  • Prof. Desai emphasises the positive economic returns from investments in green technologies and sustainable infrastructure.
  • The passage also calls for integrating climate risks into economic planning and collaboration between governments and private sectors.
  • Thus, the main idea centres around balancing economic growth with ecological responsibility through sustainable investments.
Therefore, the passage most accurately discusses the economic impact of temperature changes and the benefits of investing in environmental sustainability.
 
Reference from Passage: “Two renowned scientists... presented groundbreaking research on the economic impacts of rising global temperatures and the benefits of strategic environmental investments.”
 
Additional Information
  • Option 1 is incorrect as the passage does not explain scientific mechanisms behind climate change.
  • Option 2 is incorrect since the passage does not focus on the history or challenges of environmental policies.
  • Option 3 is incorrect because the passage offers solutions like green investments and policy integration.
  • Option 5 is incorrect as political controversies are not discussed.
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