Which of the following is related to biological nitrogen fixation?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

Uttarakhand (Patwari/Lekhpal) Official Paper (Held On: 8 Jan 2023)

Answer 1

The correct answer is blue green algae.

Key Points

Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, play a crucial role in biological nitrogen fixation.
They contain the enzyme nitrogenase, which converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), a form usable by plants.
Examples of cyanobacteria involved in nitrogen fixation include Anabaena, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria.
Cyanobacteria are often found in paddy fields where they enhance soil fertility by fixing nitrogen.
Biological nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae contributes significantly to the natural nitrogen cycle and supports sustainable agriculture.

Additional Information

Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF):
- It is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) is converted into ammonia (NH₃) by certain microorganisms.
- BNF is essential for replenishing soil nitrogen levels naturally.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation:
- Occurs in association with host plants, such as legumes, where bacteria like Rhizobium form root nodules and fix nitrogen.
Free-living Nitrogen-fixing Microorganisms:
- Includes bacteria like Azotobacter and cyanobacteria like Anabaena, which do not require a host plant.
Cyanobacteria in Agriculture:
- Cyanobacteria are used as biofertilizers in rice paddies to enhance soil fertility and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
Importance of Nitrogen Fixation:
- It is essential for plant growth and development as nitrogen is a critical component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.