Which of the following is a mathematical curve that shows a visual extent of departure for any given distribution?

Lorenz curve is a mathematical curve that shows a visual extent of departure for any given distribution.

Lorenz curve:

• In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth.
• It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of wealth distribution.
• The percentage of households is plotted on the x-axis, the percentage of income on the y-axis.
• The values are cumulative in nature.
• It can also be used to show the distribution of assets. In such use, many economists consider it to be a measure of social inequality.
• It is also useful in business modeling: e.g., in consumer finance, to measure the actual percentage y% of delinquencies attributable to the x% of people with worst risk scores.

Gini Coefficient:

• The Gini coefficient is a single number aimed at measuring the degree of inequality in a distribution.
• It was developed by the Italian statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variability and Mutability
• It is most often used in economics to measure how far a country's wealth or income distribution deviates from a totally equal distribution.
• G = A/(A + B)
• It is also equal to 2A and to 1 − 2B due to the fact that A + B = 0.5
• Since the axes scale from 0 to 1