What is the main function of ribosome in a cell? 

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  1. Protein synthesis 
  2. DNA replication
  3. Energy production 
  4. Lipid synthesis

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Protein synthesis 
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The correct answer is Protein synthesis

Key Points

  • Protein synthesis is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell.
  • Ribosomes are complex molecular machines found within all living cells, serving as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
  • They link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
  • Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the small subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Protein synthesis is essential for cell growth, function, and replication.

Additional Information

  • Ribosomes can be found floating freely within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough ER.
  • In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are also found within mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
  • The process of protein synthesis involves two main stages: transcription (in the nucleus) and translation (at the ribosome).
  • During translation, tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the sequence of codons in the mRNA.
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