The satellite of mass ‘m’ is orbiting around the earth in a circular orbit with a velocity v. What will be its total energy?

  1. (3/4)mv2
  2. (1/2)mv2
  3. mv2
  4. – (1/2)mv2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : – (1/2)mv2
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CONCEPT:

  • For a satellite of mass ‘m’ moving in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’,
  • The Kinetic energy is given by,

\(\Rightarrow K.E = \frac{{GMm}}{{2r}}\)

  • Potential energy is given by,

\(\Rightarrow P.E = - \frac{{GMm}}{r}\)

  • Orbital speed is given by,

\(\Rightarrow v = \sqrt {\frac{{GM}}{r}} \)

CALCULATION:

Given: Satellite mass = m, Orbital speed = v;

  • From the above relations, the total energy is given by,

\(\Rightarrow E = \frac{{GMm}}{{2r}} + \left( { - \frac{{GMm}}{r}} \right) \)

\( \Rightarrow E = - \frac{{GMm}}{{2r}}\)

  • In terms of orbital speed,

\(\Rightarrow E = \; - \frac{1}{2}m\left( {\frac{{GM}}{r}} \right) = - \frac{1}{2}m{v^2} \)

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