If your image appears to be erect, no matter how far you stand from a mirror, the mirror is likely to be:

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UPSC CDS-I 2025 (General Studies) Official Paper (Held On: 13 Apr, 2025)
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  1. Plane
  2. Concave
  3. Convex
  4. Either plane or convex

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Either plane or convex
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The correct answer is Either plane or convex.

Key Points

  • A plane mirror always forms an erect image, regardless of the distance of the object from the mirror.
  • Convex mirrors also form erect images, but these images are diminished and located closer to the mirror.
  • Both plane and convex mirrors are used in practical applications where erect images are required, such as in dressing mirrors (plane) and vehicle rear-view mirrors (convex).
  • Concave mirrors can produce both erect and inverted images depending on the object's position relative to the focal point, making them unsuitable for this requirement.
  • If the image is erect irrespective of the object's distance, the mirror is either plane or convex.

Additional Information

  • Plane Mirror:
    • Forms a virtual, erect, and same-sized image of the object.
    • The image distance is equal to the object distance from the mirror.
    • Used in household mirrors and optical instruments.
  • Convex Mirror:
    • Always forms virtual, erect, and diminished images.
    • Used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles due to their wide field of view.
    • Reflects light outward, making it ideal for surveillance and traffic mirrors.
  • Concave Mirror:
    • Forms real or virtual images depending on the object's position relative to the focal length.
    • Used in telescopes, headlights, and shaving mirrors to focus light.
    • Produces magnified erect images when the object is within the focal length.
  • Image Characteristics:
    • Virtual images cannot be projected onto a screen, while real images can.
    • Erect images maintain the same orientation as the object.
    • Inverted images flip the object's orientation vertically.
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