Comprehension

Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

In a recent conference, two renowned scientists, Dr. Meera Sharma and Prof. Rahul Desai, presented groundbreaking research on the economic impacts of rising global temperatures and the benefits of strategic environmental investments. Dr. Sharma emphasised that even a marginal increase in average temperature could lead to significant disruptions in agricultural productivity, thereby affecting food security and leading to higher commodity prices worldwide. Her analysis suggests that regions heavily dependent on farming are the most vulnerable, with potential GDP losses reaching up to 5% in some developing economies.

Prof. Desai, on the other hand, highlighted the positive outcomes of investing in green technologies and sustainable infrastructure. He argued that such investments not only help mitigate the adverse effects of temperature changes but also generate new employment opportunities in emerging sectors. According to his data, every dollar invested in environmental projects can yield up to three dollars in economic returns over the next decade. This multiplier effect, he asserted, is crucial for countries aiming to balance economic growth with ecological responsibility.

Both scientists agreed that policy frameworks need to integrate climate risks into economic planning to foster resilience. They recommended increased funding for climate adaptation measures, such as improved irrigation systems and renewable energy adoption. As Dr. Sharma put it, “Ignoring the economic impact of climate change is no longer an option. Proactive investments today can secure prosperity tomorrow.”

The conference concluded with a call to action for governments and private sectors to collaborate on sustainable development initiatives. It was clear from the discussions that addressing temperature fluctuations is not only an environmental imperative but also a sound economic strategy. In this context, the role of science-based policy-making becomes indispensable in shaping a future where economic stability and climate resilience go hand in hand.

According to Dr. Sharma’s research, what is the primary economic consequence of a marginal increase in average temperature?

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  1. Increased employment in urban sectors
  2. Disruption in agricultural productivity leading to food insecurity
  3. Growth in renewable energy markets
  4. Decrease in commodity prices globally
  5. Expansion of industrial manufacturing

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Disruption in agricultural productivity leading to food insecurity
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Option 2.
 
Key Points
  • Dr. Meera Sharma’s research focuses on the economic consequences of rising global temperatures.
  • She highlights that even a small increase in average temperature can cause significant disruptions in agricultural productivity.
  • This disruption adversely affects food security and results in higher commodity prices worldwide.
  • Regions heavily dependent on farming are identified as the most vulnerable to these impacts.
  • Potential GDP losses in some developing economies could be as high as 5% due to these agricultural disruptions.
Therefore, the primary economic consequence according to Dr. Sharma is the disruption in agricultural productivity leading to food insecurity.
 
Reference from Passage: “Even a marginal increase in average temperature could lead to significant disruptions in agricultural productivity, thereby affecting food security and leading to higher commodity prices worldwide.”
 
Additional Information
  • Options 1, 3, 4, and 5 relate to other topics mentioned in the passage or are unrelated to Dr. Sharma’s focus on temperature impacts on agriculture.
  • For example, increased employment in urban sectors and growth in renewable energy markets are benefits discussed by Prof. Rahul Desai, not Dr. Sharma.
  • Hence, only Option 2 correctly captures Dr. Sharma’s primary economic concern arising from temperature increases.
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