Which statements from the list below are false?

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Cracking is a process used in the petroleum industry to break down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones.
• Cracking is primarily used to produce gasoline, diesel, and other fuels from heavier fractions obtained during the refining of crude oil.
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as alkenes and alkynes, are not predominantly produced through cracking; they are usually produced through other chemical processes such as dehydrogenation or polymerization.
• The statement suggesting that unsaturated hydrocarbons are mostly obtained from petroleum by cracking is false because cracking is not the primary method for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Additional Information

• Alkynes:
  • Alkynes are hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • The general formula for alkynes is C_nH_2n-2, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
• Alkenes:
  • Alkenes are hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • The simplest alkene is ethene (C₂H₄).
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, making them more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.
  • Examples include alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds).
• Cracking Process:
  • Cracking is a major industrial process in petroleum refining used to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions into lighter products like gasoline and diesel.
  • It involves breaking long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones, which are more valuable as fuel.