Which of the following is not considered as a risk in project management ? 

The correct answer is option 3: Testing

Key Points

• In project management, a risk refers to an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, could negatively impact one or more project objectives such as scope, time, cost, or quality.
• Examples of typical project risks include:
  • Specification delays: Delay in requirement finalization can impact the schedule.
  • Product competition: Competitors releasing similar or better products can affect project success.
  • Staff turnover: Loss of key team members can reduce productivity and continuity.
• Testing, however, is a planned and essential activity in the project lifecycle — it is **not** an uncertain event and therefore is **not classified as a risk**.

Additional Information

• Risks are managed through risk identification, analysis, response planning, and monitoring.
• Testing might reveal risks (bugs, performance issues), but is itself not a risk.

Hence, the correct answer is: option 3: Testing