Which of the following industries was most affected by the 'de-industrialisation' of India in the 19^th century? 

The correct answer is Cotton textiles.

Key PointsImpact of Deindustrialisation on Indian Industries in the 19th Century

• The 19th century was a period of significant economic transformation in India, marked by the deindustrialisation of its traditional industries due to the colonial policies of the British Empire.
• Cotton textiles, one of India's ancient and flourishing industries, was severely impacted by deindustrialisation. This industry had a long-standing reputation for producing high-quality cotton products, which were in demand both domestically and internationally.
  • British policies favoured the import of cotton fabrics from Britain to India, imposing heavy duties on Indian cotton goods and thus undermining the local industry. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• The iron and steel industry in India was not yet fully developed in the 19th century, and thus, while affected, its impact was not as significant compared to the traditional industries like silk and cotton.
• Woolen manufacture in India was less prominent compared to silk and cotton, and thus, while affected, it did not face the level of impact seen in the silk industry.

Additional Information

• The process of deindustrialisation was characterized by the decline of India's traditional industries due to a combination of colonial exploitation, discriminatory tariffs, and the influx of cheaper British manufactured goods.
• Deindustrialisation had a profound impact on the Indian economy, leading to increased unemployment, loss of skilled artisans, and a shift towards agriculture as the primary source of livelihood for many, further exacerbating economic challenges.
• The British colonial rule systematically dismantled the Indian handloom industry to create a market for their manufactured goods, leading to a significant socio-economic shift and contributing to the economic underdevelopment of India during the colonial period.
• Understanding the impact of deindustrialisation is crucial for comprehending the broader historical context of economic policies under British colonial rule and their long-term effects on India's economic development.