What was the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India as per the latest National Family Health Survey - 5 (2019-21)?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

RRB NTPC Graduate Level CBT-I Official Paper (Held On: 09 Jun, 2025 Shift 1)

Answer 1

The correct answer is 2.0.

Key Points

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India as per the National Family Health Survey - 5 (2019-21) is 2.0, which is below the replacement level of fertility (2.1).
This marks a significant decline from the TFR of 2.2 reported during NFHS-4 (2015-16).
The TFR decline is an indicator of increasing awareness about family planning and better access to contraceptive methods.
The survey also highlights that urban areas have a lower TFR (1.6) compared to rural areas (2.1).
State-specific trends reveal that several states, including Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab, have achieved TFR levels below replacement.

Additional Information

Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
- TFR is defined as the average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime.
- It is a key demographic indicator used to assess population growth and replacement levels.
- The replacement level of fertility is generally considered to be 2.1 children per woman, which ensures stable population levels.
National Family Health Survey (NFHS):
- NFHS is a nationwide survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, in collaboration with the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS).
- It provides essential data on health, nutrition, family planning, and demographic indicators.
- NFHS surveys play a crucial role in policy formulation and program implementation.
Factors influencing TFR:
- Improved access to family planning methods and contraceptives.
- Better education levels, especially among women.
- Economic development and urbanization.
- Awareness campaigns and healthcare outreach programs.
Implications of a declining TFR:
- A declining TFR can lead to an aging population, reducing the workforce over time.
- It emphasizes the need for sustainable population policies and economic adjustments.
- Balanced demographic shifts are essential for long-term socio-economic stability.