Two important institutions that contributed significantly to the Development of Administrative theory and practice are __________.

The correct answer is The church and the military

Explanation:

Key Points

Indeed, the Church and the Military are two pivotal institutions that have significantly contributed to the development of administrative theory and practice.

1. The Church: The Roman Catholic Church, in particular, played a substantial role in the development of administrative theories. The Church's need to manage vast ecclesiastical resources, property, and personnel required efficient and effective administrative systems to be put in place. Superiors, inferiors, and equals were clearly defined, and a definite system of hierarchy was established. The Church also instituted strong record-keeping and communication systems to maintain control. These processes provided a framework that could be adopted and adapted by other institutions, leading to some of the early advancements in administrative theory.

2. The Military: The military, too, has had an important role in the development of administrative theory. Military institutions, known for their strict discipline and rigorous organizational structure, provide clear models of hierarchies, command chains, and decision-making systems. Military campaign planning and execution require precise allocation and management of resources, as well as synchronization of diverse activities - highlighting the importance of planning, coordination, and control in administration. Furthermore, advancements in military tech facilitated the drive towards improving operational efficiency and administrative systems, allowing administrators to manage resources and personnel effectively.

Hence, the Church, with its hierarchical model and comprehensive record-keeping systems, along with the Military, with its emphasis on discipline, hierarchy, efficient planning and resource allocation, both contributed immensely to shaping administrative theory and practice as we understand it today.