Theodolite is

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Question

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BPSC AE Paper 4 (General Engineering Science) 10 Nov 2022 Official Paper

a precise optical instrument used for measuring the distance between two planets
an electronic machine for measuring the surface roughness
a precise optical instrument for measuring the angle between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes
an inaccurate instrument used in surveying

Answer 1

Concept:

Theodolite:

A theodolite is a precise optical instrument used in surveying and engineering to measure horizontal and vertical angles between visible points. It is a crucial tool for accurate angular measurements in the field.
The theodolite consists of a telescope mounted on a rotating base, allowing it to rotate in both the horizontal and vertical planes. This dual rotation capability enables surveyors to accurately measure both horizontal and vertical angles.

Features of a Theodolite:

Horizontal and Vertical Rotation: The telescope of a theodolite can rotate 360 degrees both horizontally and vertically. This allows surveyors to measure angles in all directions, making it versatile for various surveying applications.
Precision Measurements: Theodolites are known for their high precision in measuring angles. They are often equipped with vernier scales or digital displays to read angles accurately, usually to a fraction of a degree.
Leveling Mechanism: Theodolites come with leveling screws and a leveling bubble to ensure the instrument is perfectly level before taking measurements. This is essential for maintaining accuracy and reliability in angular readings.