The standards for bibliographic information interchange and communication are

(A) ISO 2709

(B) Z 39.50

(C) Z 39.71

(D) CPM

(E) PEST

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The Correct answer is ​(A), (B), (C) only:

Key Points

• ISO - 2709:
  • ​ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation Format for information exchange.
  • It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation 
  • ISO-2709 describes a generalized structure specially designed for communication between the data processing systems and not intended for use as a processing format within systems.
• Z39.50:
  • Z39.50 is an international standard client-server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network,
  • It is developed and maintained by the Library of Congress.
  • Work on the Z39.50 protocol began in the 1970s and led to successive versions in 1988, 1992, 1995, and 2003.
  • The successors to Z39.50 are the twin protocols SRU/SRW 
• ​Z39.71
  • The ANSI/NISO Z39.71 holdings display standard is a combination of two things: the conceptual holdings elements (officially called Data Areas), and nine principles for recording the holdings elements (officially called the Principles).​

Additional Information

• CPM:
  • CPM  was developed by Du Pont and the emphasis was on the trade-off between the cost of the project and its overall completion time.
•  PEST:
  • ​PEST Analysis (political, economic, social, and technological) is a management method whereby an organization can assess major external factors that influence its operation in order to become more competitive in the market.