The Green Revolution in India began in which decade?

The correct answer is 1960s.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s as a response to the country's food insecurity and reliance on food imports.
• It involved the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds, primarily wheat and rice, which significantly boosted agricultural productivity.
• Key components of the revolution included the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation infrastructure to support crop growth.
• The initiative was spearheaded by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, considered the father of the Green Revolution in India, in collaboration with international scientists like Norman Borlaug.
• The Green Revolution transformed India from a food-deficient country to a self-sufficient one, particularly in terms of cereal production.

Additional Information

• High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs):
  • These are genetically improved seeds that produce significantly higher yields compared to traditional varieties.
  • The most successful HYV crops in India were wheat and rice.
• Impact on Indian Agriculture:
  • The Green Revolution led to a dramatic increase in grain production, particularly in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • It reduced India's dependency on food imports and made the country self-sufficient in food grains.
• Environmental Concerns:
  • Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides led to soil degradation, water pollution, and health issues.
  • Overuse of irrigation caused groundwater depletion in several regions.
• Social and Economic Impact:
  • The Green Revolution primarily benefited large-scale farmers with access to resources, while marginal farmers often struggled to adopt the new technology.
  • It contributed to regional disparities, with northern states reaping more benefits than others.
• Global Context:
  • The Green Revolution was part of a worldwide agricultural transformation initiated in the mid-20th century to combat hunger in developing countries.
  • Norman Borlaug, who played a critical role globally, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contributions.