The drive-reduction theory of motivation is given by

The correct answer is Hull.

Important Points

• A theory of motivation developed by Clark L. Hull, the Drive-Reduction Theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives.
• In this theory, Hull proposed a person's behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies.
• Hull based his theory on the earlier theories that correlate to the concepts of motivation.
• His theory is grounded on the principle of homeostasis, believing that behaviour is one of the ways in which a person can maintain the state of homeostasis or balance.
• The theory was further developed by Kenneth Spence as it began to be a major theory of motivation in the late 1940s.
• A “drive" is a state of arousal or tension triggered by a person’s physiological or biological needs. These needs include hunger, thirst, need for warmth, etc. In this theory, Hull stated that drives give origin to an individual’s motivation.
• When a person’s drive emerges, he will be in an unpleasant state of tension and the person will behave in such a way that this tension is reduced.