Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

List – I		List - II
A.	Power shared among different organs of government	I.	Pluralism
B.	Power shared among governments at different levels	II.	Separation powers
C.	Power shared by different social groups	III.	Coalition government
D.	Power shared by two or more political parties	IV.	Federal government

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Separation of powers (A - II): This refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.
• Federal government (B - IV): In a federal system, power is shared among different levels of government, such as central and state governments. Each level has its own responsibilities and powers.
• Pluralism (C - I): This refers to a condition or system in which multiple social groups coexist and share power within a society. It emphasizes diversity and the inclusion of various social groups in governance.
• Coalition government (D - III): This is a form of government in which multiple political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition. This form of government is common in parliamentary systems where no single party has an outright majority.

Additional Information

• Separation of powers
  • This principle is fundamental in modern democracies to prevent abuses of power.
  • Key branches typically include the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
  • Each branch operates independently while having the ability to check the powers of the other branches.
• Federal government
  • Examples include the United States, Canada, and India.
  • Powers and responsibilities are constitutionally divided between different levels of government.
  • Each level of government has sovereignty in some areas and shares powers in others.
• Pluralism
  • Recognizes and affirms diversity within a political body.
  • Ensures that multiple groups can influence policy and decision-making processes.
  • Supports the idea that diverse groups contribute to the stability and functionality of the society.
• Coalition government
  • Often formed in parliamentary systems where no single party gains a majority.
  • Requires parties to negotiate and compromise on policies and positions.
  • Can lead to more stable governance but may also cause conflicts among coalition partners.