In thermodynamics, which process includes no heat transfer in or out of the system?

The correct answer is Adiabatic Process.

Key Points

• An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system (Q = 0).
• In an adiabatic process, changes in the system's internal energy are caused solely by work done on or by the system.
• Adiabatic processes can occur in insulated systems or over rapid timeframes, where there is no time for heat exchange with the surroundings.
• Examples of adiabatic processes include compression and expansion of gases in engines or compressors.
• The first law of thermodynamics for adiabatic processes simplifies to ΔU = W (change in internal energy equals the work done).

Additional Information

• Isochoric Process:
  • An isochoric process is a thermodynamic process in which the volume remains constant.
  • Heat transfer in this process changes the internal energy and temperature, but no work is done (W = 0).
• Isobaric Process:
  • An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure remains constant.
  • Heat transfer in this process causes a change in volume and internal energy.
• Isothermal Process:
  • An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process in which the temperature remains constant.
  • In this process, heat exchange occurs to compensate for the work done, keeping the internal energy constant (ΔU = 0).
• Thermodynamics Laws:
  • The first law of thermodynamics relates to energy conservation: ΔU = Q - W.
  • The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy in an isolated system always increases over time.