Identify the type of plume shown in the given figure that occurs under extreme inversion conditions and emission will spread only horizontally.

3-5-2025 IMG-1200 Ashish Verma -17

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  1. Lofting plume
  2. Coning plume
  3. Fumigating plume
  4. Fanning plume

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Fanning plume
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Detailed Solution

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Concept:

Plume behavior is determined by atmospheric stability. Under extreme inversion conditions (strongly stable atmosphere), vertical dispersion is suppressed and the pollutants spread horizontally.

In such conditions, the plume appears as a thin horizontal layer and is known as a Fanning plume.

Given:

Plume spreads only horizontally and occurs under extreme inversion.

Explanation:

The figure shows a plume that does not rise or fall significantly, instead moving laterally due to temperature inversion, which traps pollutants near the emission level.

This condition is typical for a fanning plume.

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