गैर-रिक्त समुच्चय A, B और C के लिए निम्नलिखित दो कथन दिए गए हैं:

कथन P: A ∩ (B U C) = (A ∩ B) U C 

कथन Q: C, A का एक उपसमुच्चय है। 

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

  1. Q ⇒ P
  2. P ⇔ Q
  3. P ⇒ Q
  4. निश्चितता के साथ उपरोक्त तीनों की सत्यता के बारे में कुछ नहीं कहा जा सकता है

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : P ⇔ Q
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संकल्पना:

हम जानते हैं कि समुच्चय 'A' समुच्चय 'B' का उपसमुच्चय है, यदि A के सभी तत्व B के भी तत्व हैं। तो इसे A ⊂ B द्वारा दर्शाया जाता है। 

The implication p  q (read: p implies q, or if p then q) is the statement which asserts that if p is true, then q is also true. We agree that p → q is true when p is false. The statement p is called the hypothesis of the implication, and the statement q is called the conclusion of the implication.

The biconditional or double implication p  q (read: p if and only if q) is the statement which asserts that p and q if p is true, then q is true, and if q is true then p is true. Put differently, p ⇔ q asserts that p and q have the same truth value.

गणना:

F2 Aman.K 10-08-2020 Savita D2

कथन P: A ∩ (B U C) = (A ∩ B) U C

बायां पक्ष = (a, b, c, d) ∩ (b, c, d, e, f, g) = b, c, d

दायां पक्ष = (c, d) ∪ (b, c, f, g) = b, c, d, f, g

⇒ b, c, d = b, c, d, f, g

∴ f, g = 0,

इसलिए, समुच्चय c में केवल क्षेत्र b, c है। 

समुच्चय A में क्षेत्र a, b, c, d, है जिसका अर्थ यह है कि C समुच्चय A का उपसमुच्चय है। 

इसलिए P ⇒ Q     ---(1) 

अब, कथन Q में यह दिया गया है कि C, A का उपसमुच्चय है। 

F2 Aman.K 10-08-2020 Savita D3

फिर से कथन P से:

बायां पक्ष = a, b, c, d ∩ (b, c, d, e) = b, c, d

दायां पक्ष = (c, d) ∪ (b, c) = b, c, d

⇒ b, c, d = b, c, d

अर्थात् बायां पक्ष = दायां पक्ष दर्शाता है कि Q ⇒ P है।     ---(2)

∴ P ⇔ Q     ---((1) और (2) से)

अतः विकल्प (2) सही है। 

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