Given below are two Lists in which List I indicates the type of operant learning procedures while List II describes their related procedure-paradigm. Match the pairs and choose the correct answer from the code given below.

List I (Type of Operant Learning Procedure)		List II (Related Procedure)
a)	Discriminated Omission	i)	Cue Present → Response Made → Positive Reinforcement
b)	Discriminated Punishment	ii)	Cue Present → Response Made → Negative Reinforcement
c)	Discriminated Operant	iii)	Cue Present → Response Withheld → Positive Reinforcement
d)	Active Avoidance	iv)	Cue Present → Response Withheld → Negative Reinforcement

Operant conditioning 

• Also known as instrumental conditioning.
• It is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.
• Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence, whether negative or positive, for that behavior.
• Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
• It is also a procedure that is used to bring about such learning. 

Procedure-paradigm

• The procedure paradigm uses a linear top-down approach and treats data and procedures as two different entities.
• Based on the concept of a procedure call, Procedural Programming divides the program into procedures, which are also known as routines or functions, simply containing a series of steps to be carried out.

Discriminated Omission

• The stimuli that tell that omitting alternative behavior will be rewarded. 
• Hold the position without doing anything else and a reward will follow.
•  Omission training is a method in behaviorism used to stop undesirable behaviors. 
• Discriminated Omission will follow the procedure Cue Present → Response Withheld → Positive Reinforcement.

Discriminated Punishment

• Discriminated punishment is an alternative paradigm that characterizes phobia as a choice behavior in which fear serves to punish an otherwise adaptive behavior.
• Discriminated punishment will follow the procedure  Cue Present → Response Withheld → Negative Reinforcement.

Discriminated Operant

• The discriminated operant is an operant response that is under the stimulus control of a discriminative stimulus.
• Such control is established by reinforcing the response in the presence of that discriminative stimulus.
• discriminated operant will follow the procedure Cue Present → Response Made → Positive Reinforcement.

Active avoidance

• It refers to experimental behavioral paradigms where subjects are trained, following the onset of a conditioned stimulus CS, to move from a starting position to another position in the testing apparatus within a fixed amount of time avoidance.
• Active avoidance will follow the procedure Cue Present → Response Made → Negative Reinforcement.