Arrange the following important events chronologically based on the Muslim separatist politics.
(1) Deliverance Day
(2) Lucknow Pact
(3) Direct Action Day
(4) Establishment of ‘All India Muslim League

Key Points

• (d) Establishment of All India Muslim League (1906): The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 in Dhaka to represent the interests of the Muslim community and to promote loyalty to the British government.
• (b) Lucknow Pact (1916): This was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League, which marked a significant step in Hindu-Muslim unity for the common goal of self-rule.
• (a) Deliverance Day (1939): The Muslim League observed Deliverance Day to mark the resignation of the Congress ministries in the provinces, which they claimed were discriminatory towards Muslims.
• (c) Direct Action Day (1946): A call for the creation of Pakistan, which led to widespread communal violence across the country, particularly in Bengal.

Additional Information

• (d) Establishment of All India Muslim League (1906):
  • The Muslim League was formed to protect and advance the political rights of Muslims and to foster an understanding between the Muslim community and the British government.
  • Its initial demands were moderate, focusing on safeguarding Muslim interests within a united India.
• (b) Lucknow Pact (1916):
  • This pact was a rare instance of Hindu-Muslim unity, where both communities agreed to a joint political framework demanding greater autonomy from the British government.
  • The agreement also granted Muslims separate electorates and a fixed proportion of legislative seats.
• (a) Deliverance Day (1939):
  • Observed on December 22, 1939, by the Muslim League to celebrate the resignation of Congress ministries in the provinces.
  • This event marked a growing divide between the Congress and the Muslim League, with the latter accusing Congress of being discriminatory towards Muslims.
• (c) Direct Action Day (1946):
  • On August 16, 1946, the Muslim League called for Direct Action Day to press for the creation of Pakistan.
  • The event led to severe communal riots, particularly in Calcutta, resulting in massive loss of life and property.
  • It underscored the deepening communal divide in the country and set the stage for partition.