______ is responsible for investigating serious crimes having all India or inter-state ramifications. 

The correct answer is Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

Key Points

• The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is India's premier investigative agency, responsible for investigating serious crimes with national or inter-state ramifications.
• It was established in 1941 as the Special Police Establishment and later renamed CBI in 1963.
• The CBI operates under the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• The agency investigates cases related to corruption, fraud, economic offenses, and other high-profile criminal activities.
• CBI is headquartered in New Delhi and operates through regional offices across India.

Additional Information

• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
  • CVC is an autonomous body established in 1964 to address corruption in government institutions.
  • It works to ensure transparency and accountability in public administration by advising and monitoring vigilance activities.
  • Unlike CBI, CVC does not investigate criminal cases but provides recommendations and supervision for vigilance matters.
• National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
  • NCRB was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • It is responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data across India to support police forces and policymakers.
  • The bureau provides statistical data and reports on crimes like human trafficking, cybercrime, and other offenses.
• Intelligence Bureau (IB)
  • IB is India's internal intelligence agency, established in 1887, making it one of the oldest intelligence agencies in the world.
  • It focuses on counterintelligence and internal security operations, including monitoring terror threats and espionage activities.
  • Unlike CBI, IB does not handle criminal investigations but specializes in intelligence gathering.
• Jurisdiction and Legal Authority of CBI
  • The CBI derives its authority from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.
  • Its jurisdiction extends across India but requires state government consent for investigations in non-central cases.
  • CBI can take up cases referred by courts or the central government without prior state approval.