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Home / IAS Preparation / World Water Week

World Water Week: Seeds of Change for a Water-Wise World

Last Updated on Jan 13, 2024
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World Water Week, an annual global water forum organized by the Stockholm International Water Institute, is scheduled from 25 - 29 August 2024. The theme of 2024 is Bridging Borders: Water for a Peaceful and Sustainable Future . t calls for acknowledging the interconnectedness of communities and nations at regional and global levels. It emphasizes the collaborative endeavors required to attain a future that is both peaceful and sustainable. The focal point of World Water Week 2024 revolves around water cooperation for peace and security in a comprehensive context. I 

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What is World Water Week?

SIWI presents World Water Week as a platform for meaningful discussions, fostering hope and positive dialogue in a dynamic world. It provides a secure space where participants can voice their perspectives and contribute to discussions. Each World Water Week features diverse sessions, ranging from scientific discussions to policy debates, all centered around a chosen theme that reflects the global agenda. The Week aims to raise awareness, promote debate, build consensus, and facilitate cross-sectoral learning. World Water Week positions water as a tool to address various challenges and help achieve diverse goals. From 2023 to 2027, SIWI specifically positions World Water Week as a platform to implement commitments made at the UN 2023 Water Conference.

Objectives of World Water Week

World Water Week is more than just a conference; it gathers experts, policymakers, and stakeholders worldwide. This event has several key objectives:

  • Promoting Awareness: World Water Week aims to raise awareness about global water issues and their impact on society, ecosystems, and economies.
  • Facilitating Knowledge Sharing: It provides a platform for sharing knowledge, experiences, and best practices in water management, conservation, and sustainable use.
  • Inspiring Innovation: With each year's theme, World Water Week encourages developing and adopting innovative solutions to address water-related challenges.
  • Fostering Collaboration: It fosters collaboration between governments, organizations, and individuals to work towards sustainable water management.
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Importance of World Water Week

World Water Week is of paramount importance due to the following reasons:

  • Global Perspective: It provides a unique global perspective on water-related issues, allowing for cross-border collaboration and learning.
  • Solutions-Oriented: The event focuses on practical strategies and innovations to mitigate water scarcity, pollution, and other challenges.
  • Policy Influence: World Water Week influences policies and actions at national and international levels by bringing together decision-makers and experts.
  • Awareness and Education: It plays a crucial role in educating the public and policymakers about the urgency of water-related problems.

Historical Attempts and Shortcomings

Initial Efforts (1950s-1960s)

During India's first five-year plan in the 1950s, the priority of supplying basic water to rural areas was established. However, the focus was limited to easily accessible villages, leaving many remote areas underserved.

National Rural Drinking Water Supply Programme (1969)

With UNICEF's technical support, borewells and piped water connections were introduced, but coverage remained uneven. Many areas still lacked access to safe drinking water.

Changing Approaches (1970s-1980s)

Initiatives like the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Scheme (ARWS) and Minimum Needs Programme were introduced. Despite these efforts, challenges in implementation and coverage persisted.

Evolution of Mission Approach (1986-1996)

ARWS transformed into the National Drinking Water Mission and later the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (1991). Panchayati Raj Institutions were assigned responsibility for water supply. However, these changes didn't fully address the water supply problem.

Principal Shortcomings of Previous Schemes
  • Unsustainable Water Source: Heavy reliance on groundwater led to its depletion, causing some initially covered villages to lose access to water over time.
  • Lack of Community Ownership: Inadequate community involvement resulted in poor maintenance and the eventual failure of infrastructure, as communities didn't feel a sense of ownership.
  • Lack of Transparency: Insufficient public awareness and involvement hindered progress and sensitization efforts.
  • Mismanagement of Funds: Despite substantial investments, inefficiencies in fund allocation and utilization persisted, impeding progress.

Jal Jeevan Mission: Learnings from the Past
  • Diverse Water Sources: The Jal Jeevan Mission takes a more sustainable approach by tapping into surface water and groundwater. It emphasizes groundwater recharge and protection.
  • Community Engagement: This mission places a strong emphasis on sensitizing and engaging communities at all levels, encouraging active participation and a sense of ownership.
  • Information Sharing: A central dashboard publicly shares progress data, fostering transparency, healthy competition, and encouraging prompt action.
  • Holistic Approach: The program goes beyond water supply and includes disaster preparedness, bulk water transfers, technological innovations, and greywater management for a comprehensive water management strategy.

Present Status of the Jal Jeevan Mission

The primary objective of the Jal Jeevan Mission (Rural) is to provide 55 litres of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024. This mission falls under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Additionally, the Government of India has launched the Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) to complement JJM (Rural) and provide universal water supply coverage through functional taps in all 4,378 statutory towns of India.

As of January 3, 2023, approximately 108.7 million rural households have gained access to tapped water connections, equivalent to 56.14% of the rural population. Consequently, the mission faces the challenge of extending its coverage to an additional 76.3 million rural households (47.3%) within two years.

According to the program's dashboard, nine states and Union Territories have achieved the Har Ghar Jal status, which involves providing tap water supply to all rural households. These states are Haryana, Goa, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Daman and Diu, Dadra Nagar Haveli, Telangana, Gujarat, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh.

Know more on Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) here!

Current Challenges Related to Water Resource Management in India

India faces several pressing challenges related to water resource management, including:

Groundwater Depletion and Urbanization

While surface water sources often receive more attention, groundwater depletion remains a significant concern. Rapid urbanization has led to increased water demand and the overexploitation of groundwater. Additionally, urban development reduces groundwater recharge as impermeable surfaces cover the soil.

Interstate Water Disputes and Federalism

Interstate conflicts over water-sharing agreements, such as the Cauvery River dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, highlight the complex interplay between state autonomy and national interest in water management.

Water Quality and Health

Water quality is a grave issue in India. Contamination from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and inadequate sanitation results in waterborne diseases, affecting public health, especially in rural areas.

Gender Dynamics and Water Collection

In many rural areas, women and girls are responsible for fetching water. This limits their access to education and economic opportunities and exposes them to harassment and violence during long journeys to distant water sources.

Climate Change and Glacial Retreat

The retreat of Himalayan glaciers due to climate change poses a long-term threat. These glaciers are a major water source for several Indian rivers, and their reduction could lead to water shortages for irrigation and drinking water.

Lack of Efficient Wastewater Management

Inefficient wastewater management limits India's ability to make the most economic use of its water resources. Current water treatment capacity stands at 27.3%, and sewage treatment capacity is only 18.6%.

Know more on PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojna here!

Way Forward: Sustainable Water Management Solutions

To address these challenges, India should consider adopting the following strategies:

  • Localised Water Resource Management: Effective watershed management plans at the city level should be deployed, and rainwater harvesting should be made mandatory for all households. This approach promotes the sustainable use of local water resources.
  • Water Footprint Labeling: Implementing a water footprint labeling system for products, similar to carbon footprint labels, can raise consumer awareness about the water used in producing goods. This could drive demand for water-efficient products and practices.
  • Water-Energy Nexus Management: Integrating water and energy management strategies can optimize resource use. For instance, using treated wastewater for cooling in power plants and harnessing excess heat from industrial processes for water purification can reduce water and energy waste.
  • Hydro-Responsive Urban Planning: Cities should embrace hydro-responsive urban planning by designing infrastructure to adapt to changing water availability. This includes movable flood barriers, adaptable drainage systems, and modular buildings that can be adjusted based on changing water levels.

Know more on Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protshan Yojana here!

Conclusion

In conclusion, World Water Week serves as a critical platform for addressing global water challenges, and the Jal Jeevan Mission is a significant step towards ensuring a safe and sustainable water supply in rural India. However, India still faces numerous water management challenges, including groundwater depletion, water quality issues, and climate change impacts. Adopting innovative, sustainable, and community-driven solutions is essential to secure a water-wise future for the nation.

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World Water Week FAQs

World Water Week is significant as it brings together experts and stakeholders to raise awareness, share knowledge, promote innovation, and foster collaboration to address global water challenges.

The Jal Jeevan Mission differs by focusing on diverse water sources, community engagement, transparency through a public dashboard, and a holistic approach that includes disaster preparedness and greywater management.

As of January 3, 2023, approximately 56.14% of rural households in India have access to Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC), with the mission aiming to cover an additional 47.3% in the next two years.

Key challenges include groundwater depletion, interstate water disputes, water quality and health issues, gender dynamics in water collection, climate change impacts on glacial sources, and inefficient wastewater management.

India can promote sustainable water management by implementing localized water resource management, introducing water footprint labeling, integrating water-energy nexus management, and adopting hydro-responsive urban planning.
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